(1) Electric vehicles (EV) market is growing rapidly all over the world. In India also the EV market has gained significant momentum. It has grown more after the implementation of FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacture of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles) scheme in 2015 by Ministry of Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises.
(2) Electric vehicles are solutions to be independent and free from imported energy resources. Electric cars can bring a major change to India in becoming self-sustainable. EV could also be the alternative to decrease carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide from automobiles is one of the causes of air pollution.
(3) An EV can be used for flexible load, for standardizing the grid with substantial share of fluctuating renewable energy generation. EV emits 30-80% less greenhouse gas when compared with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle. EVs do not consume any energy when it is stationary as compared to ICE vehicles where fuel is consumed when it is idle. EV is recognised as promising alternatives to vehicles and will potentially replace ICE vehicles in the near future.
(4) The electric vehicles have low emissions, high efficiency and smooth operation. The energy consumption and emissions for plug in hybrid electric vehicles found that compared to gasoline vehicles there is 37.5% less energy consumption and 35% less greenhouse gas emissions.
The government have started financial policies to encourage EV adoption; however, decision makers have to plan a long-term perspective to get them implemented efficiently.
Read the following text and answer the questions based on the passage above.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 07:12 · grounding stimulus
Model Answer
I. B — It has developed very quickly.
II. A — Both the Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(EVs make India self-sustainable by freeing it from imported energy, which directly explains the major change.)
III. Two benefits of EVs over ICE vehicles:
- EVs emit 30–80% less greenhouse gas compared to ICE vehicles.
- EVs do not consume any energy when stationary, whereas ICE vehicles consume fuel even when idle.
IV. The word 'idle' in paragraph (3) most nearly means stationary / not moving / at rest (when the vehicle is running but not in motion, consuming fuel unnecessarily).
V. Electric vehicles are solutions to be independent and free from imported energy resources, thus reducing a country's reliance on foreign energy.
VI. EV could be the alternative to reduce the carbon dioxide gas emission.
VII. Evidence: "The government have started financial policies to encourage EV adoption." This shows the government is actively encouraging the use of Electric Vehicles.
VIII. The result of the implementation of FAME scheme is that the EV market in India has grown significantly / gained further momentum.
IX. The long-term perspective by decision makers is to ensure that the financial policies encouraging EV adoption are implemented efficiently.
Source: Reading passage on Electric Vehicles (EV), paragraphs 1–4
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Explanation
- I & II are direct inference/MCQ — pick the answer closest to the passage's meaning.
- III needs two distinct points; always quote figures from the passage (30–80%, stationary vs. idle) for full marks.
- IV — 'idle' here means the engine is running but the vehicle is not moving; 'stationary' is the passage's own clue word.
- V, VI, VII, VIII, IX — lift key phrases directly from the passage; paraphrase minimally. Examiners reward accuracy to the text over creative rewording.