Swati, a class 10 student, observes that when she passes close to the refrigerator in her kitchen, she feels the heat, although the things kept inside the refrigerator are cool.
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I notice sub-question (c) is incomplete — it mentions "Answer (i) or (ii)" but neither option is provided. I'll answer (a) and (b) fully, and note the gap for (c).
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Model Answer
(a) The heat felt near the refrigerator is due to the heating effect of electric current. The compressor motor and condenser coils carry electric current; as current flows through the resistance of these components, electrical energy is converted into heat energy, which is released into the surroundings.
(b) By Ohm's law, $V = IR$.
Heat produced is given by Joule's law of heating:
$$H = VIt = I^2Rt = \frac{V^2}{R}t$$
(c) (Sub-question (c) appears incomplete — options (i) and (ii) were not provided. Please supply them for a complete answer.)
Source: Chapter — Effects of Electric Current (Electricity), NCERT Class 10 Science
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Explanation
- (a) Examiners expect you to name the phenomenon ("heating effect of electric current") and briefly explain that electrical energy converts to heat in the resistive parts of the refrigerator circuit.
- (b) You must show the derivation starting from $V = IR$ and arrive at all three equivalent forms of $H = I^2Rt$. Writing all three forms earns full credit.
- (c) Sub-question (c) is missing from the prompt. In the actual exam, it likely asks you to compare series vs. parallel heating, or calculate heat/power — answer whichever option (i)/(ii) is printed in your paper.