(i)
(I) CH₃–C(=O)–CH₃ → Propanone
(II) H–C≡C–H → Ethyne
(ii) The reaction commonly used for the conversion of vegetable oils to fats is Hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst).
(iii) C₄H₁₀ (butane) has a longer carbon chain and greater molecular mass than C₃H₈ (propane). Greater the molecular mass, stronger the intermolecular forces, and hence higher the melting point.
(iv) When sodium is dropped into ethanol, it reacts vigorously to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas is liberated:
$$2\text{Na} + 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \rightarrow 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{ONa} + \text{H}_2\uparrow$$
(v)
$$\text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \text{CH}_3\text{COONa}$$
Products: Ethanol and Sodium ethanoate
Source: Chapter 4, Sections 4.2.5 and 4.4.2
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