A person while climbing up a rocky hill comes into a panic state and fear. His body starts reacting in a ''flight-or-fight'' condition to adjust to the dangerous and stressful situation.
Read the following case and answer the questions that follow.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:48 · grounding stimulus
Model Answer
(a)(i) The hormone secreted in this situation is Adrenaline (also called epinephrine), secreted by the adrenal glands.
(b) Two responses in the body due to adrenaline secretion:
- Heart rate increases, supplying more oxygen to the muscles.
- Breathing rate increases and blood is diverted away from digestive organs to skeletal muscles, preparing the body for quick action.
(c) Electrical impulses via nerve cells act faster but only on specific cells connected by the nerve. Hormones (chemical signals) act more slowly but have a widespread effect as they are transported through the bloodstream and can target many tissues/organs at once.
Source: Life Processes / Control and Coordination, Chapter 7, NCERT Class 10 Science
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Explanation
- Adrenaline is the classic answer for "fight-or-flight" — examiners specifically look for this term.
- For part (b), any two valid physiological responses score full marks: heart rate ↑, breathing rate ↑, dilation of pupils, reduced digestion activity — pick two clearly.
- For part (c), the key contrast is speed vs. reach: nerves = fast + localised; hormones = slower + widespread. One clear sentence covering both sides is enough for 1 mark.