Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

(i) Renal Artery: It carries oxygenated blood (with nitrogenous wastes) from the aorta to the kidneys for filtration.

(ii) Urethra: It carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body for its elimination.

(iii) Glomerulus: It is a cluster of thin-walled blood capillaries where filtration of blood takes place under pressure; the filtrate (containing urea, glucose, salts, water) is collected into the Bowman's capsule.

(iv) Tubular part of nephron: It selectively re-absorbs useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of water from the filtrate back into the blood, so that only waste-concentrated urine passes forward.

Source: Chapter 5, Section 5.5.1 – Excretion in Human Beings

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• Examiners expect one specific function per organ — one crisp sentence each is enough for 1 mark per part.
• The renal artery is part of the blood supply bringing waste-laden blood to the kidney; do not confuse it with the renal vein (which carries filtered blood away).
• "Glomerulus" and "Bowman's capsule" together form the filtration unit; the question focuses on the glomerulus specifically — filtration is the key word.
• For the tubular part, the key term is selective reabsorption — examiners look for this phrase.