The most obvious outcome of the reproductive process is the generation of individuals of similar design, but in sexual reproduction they may not be exactly alike. The resemblances as well as differences are marked. The rules of heredity determine the process by which traits and characteristics are reliably inherited. Many experiments have been done to study the rules of inheritance.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:52 · grounding stimulus
Model Answer
(i) In sexual reproduction, offspring receive traits from both parents. Since each parent contributes different combinations of genes/traits, the offspring inherits a mix of characteristics from both, making it not an exact copy of either parent.
(ii) The F1 generation (first filial) shows only the dominant trait — all offspring look alike. The F2 generation (second filial), obtained by self-pollinating F1 plants, shows both dominant and recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio.
(iii) (Sub-question (A) or (B) text was not provided in the question. Please include the full text of option A or B to receive an answer.)
Source: Chapter — Heredity and Evolution, Section — Heredity
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Explanation
- (i) Key point: sexual reproduction involves two parents → genetic mixing → variations. Mention "genes" or "traits from both parents."
- (ii) Examiners expect: F1 = only dominant trait visible; F2 = both traits appear in 3:1 ratio. Use correct terminology (dominant/recessive).
- (iii) Since sub-question (iii) options (A)/(B) were not included in the question text, they cannot be answered. Always copy the full question when seeking model answers.