Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

(i) Hormonal co-ordination: Plants vs. Animals

| Plants | Animals |
|---|---|
| Hormones are called phytohormones (e.g., auxin, gibberellin) | Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands (e.g., insulin, adrenaline) |
| No specific glands; produced in various tissues | Produced by specific ductless glands |
| Response is slow | Response is comparatively faster |

(ii) Parts of brain responsible for:

1. Intelligence – Cerebrum (forebrain)
2. Riding a bicycle – Cerebellum (hindbrain)
3. Vomiting – Medulla oblongata (hindbrain)
4. Controlling hunger – Hypothalamus (forebrain)

(iii) Protection of brain and spinal cord:

• The brain is enclosed in a bony box called the cranium (skull).
• The spinal cord is enclosed in a vertebral column (backbone).
• Both brain and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges.
• A fluid-filled space between the meninges acts as a shock absorber, protecting these organs from mechanical injury.

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• Sub-question (i) carries ~1–2 marks: a short comparison table or 2–3 contrasting points is sufficient.
• Sub-question (ii) carries ~2 marks: one line per part; examiners expect exact brain region names.
• Sub-question (iii) carries ~1–2 marks: mention cranium, vertebral column, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid — all four points are expected.
• These answers come from Chapter 7 (Control and Coordination), NCERT Class 10 Science. The source passages provided were from other chapters and were not relevant, so standard NCERT content was used.