Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Alluri Sitaram Raju led a militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh in the early 1920s. The hill tribes were enraged because the colonial government had closed forests, denying them grazing and livelihood rights, and forced them to do begar for road building.

Raju was inspired by Gandhi and the Non-Cooperation Movement — he persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking. However, he believed India could be liberated only through force, not non-violence, unlike Gandhi's approach. His rebels attacked police stations and attempted to kill British officials. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, becoming a folk hero.

Source: Chapter 2, Section 2.2 — Rebellion in the Countryside

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• Examiners expect: (1) context of the movement, (2) Raju's methods/ideology, (3) his link to/difference from Gandhi, and (4) his end/legacy — all four points for 3 marks.
• Key contrast to highlight: Raju admired Gandhi but rejected non-violence — this shows how different groups interpreted the national movement differently.
• Avoid writing a long essay; 3 tight points are enough.