Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Five Institutional Reforms proposed for the betterment of agriculture:

1. Consolidation of holdings: Small and fragmented land holdings should be consolidated to make farming economical and efficient.

1. Crop Insurance: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease should be strengthened to protect farmers from natural calamities.

1. Rural Credit: Establishment of Grameen Banks and cooperative societies to provide loans to farmers at lower rates of interest, reducing dependence on moneylenders.

1. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and PAIS: These schemes should be expanded to give farmers easy access to credit and accident insurance coverage.

1. Minimum Support Price (MSP): The government should announce remunerative MSP and procurement prices for important crops to prevent exploitation by middlemen and speculators.

Source: Chapter 4 – Agriculture, Technological and Institutional Reforms

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• The question asks for institutional (not technological) reforms, so focus on policy, credit, insurance, and price support — not HYV seeds or irrigation.
• The textbook explicitly lists: consolidation of holdings, crop insurance, Grameen banks, cooperative societies, KCC, PAIS, and MSP — use these directly.
• Each point should be one clear sentence; no elaboration needed for a 5-mark answer.
• Abolition of zamindari and land reform / collectivisation are also valid points from the chapter if needed.