(C) Romanticist
Johann Gottfried Herder was a German philosopher who belonged to the Romanticist school of thought, emphasising culture, language, and folk traditions as the basis of national identity.
The question tests knowledge of Johann Gottfried Herder's philosophical school. Herder was a key Romantic thinker who argued that true German identity lay in its Volk (common people) — their culture, language, and folk songs. The source passages do not directly mention him, but this is standard NCERT Chapter 1 content. Remember: Romanticists stressed emotion, culture, and folklore over reason, distinguishing them from Liberals or Marxists.