Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Energy is a basic requirement for economic development, and with rising consumption across all sectors, sustainable energy development has become urgent. Promotion of energy conservation is a key plank of sustainable energy because India is one of the least energy efficient countries in the world, and our limited energy resources must be used judiciously.

Examples of energy conservation:

1. Public transport – Using buses/trains instead of individual vehicles reduces fuel consumption.
2. Switching off electricity when not in use prevents wasteful consumption.
3. Power-saving devices – Using energy-efficient appliances reduces overall demand.
4. Non-conventional sources – Solar, wind, biogas and tidal energy reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
5. Biogas plants – Use cattle dung efficiently, replacing firewood and dung cakes, thus conserving forests and improving manure quality.

As the saying goes, "Energy saved is energy produced."

Source: Conservation of Energy Resources, Chapter 5

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• The question directly tests the textbook paragraph on sustainable energy — quote or closely paraphrase it.
• Examiners expect the definition/context (why conservation is needed) + at least 3–4 concrete examples from the text.
• The phrase "energy saved is energy produced" is a textbook quote — always include it for full marks.
• Do not write lengthy paragraphs; crisp numbered points with a brief explanation score best in 5-mark answers.