Europeans fled to America in the 19th century due to poverty and hunger, which were widespread in Europe. Cities were overcrowded and deadly diseases were common. Religious conflicts were frequent, and religious dissenters faced persecution. These hardships pushed thousands to seek a better life in America.
Source: Chapter 3, Section 1.3 – Conquest, Disease and Trade
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The answer is directly from the passage: "Until the nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe. Cities were crowded and deadly diseases were widespread. Religious conflicts were common, and religious dissenters were persecuted. Thousands therefore fled Europe for America." For 2 marks, cover all three reasons (poverty/hunger, disease/overcrowding, religious persecution) briefly. No extra elaboration needed.