Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Challenges faced by political parties in India:

1. Lack of internal democracy: Power is concentrated in the hands of one leader or family. Ordinary members have little say in decision-making or candidate selection.

1. Dynastic succession: Leadership is passed on within families rather than through merit, reducing opportunities for capable leaders from ordinary backgrounds.

1. Money and muscle power: Parties increasingly rely on wealthy candidates and criminals during elections. Candidates with money and criminal records are given tickets, weakening democratic values.

1. Lack of meaningful choice: Ideological differences between major parties have narrowed. Voters feel there is no real alternative, as parties frequently shift positions.

1. Caste and religion: Parties often promote caste or communal loyalties to win elections instead of focusing on genuine public issues and policy.

Source: Democratic Politics – II, Chapter 4

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• CBSE expects five distinct points, each in 1–2 lines for a 5-mark answer.
• Common examiner focus: internal democracy, dynastic succession, money/muscle power, lack of choice, and criminalisation — these are the textbook-listed challenges.
• Avoid writing long paragraphs; crisp numbered points score better in board exams.
• Do not mix challenges with reforms — that is a separate question.