(b) Abanindranath Tagore
The painting depicting Bharat Mata as a female figure with a halo and multiple arms was painted by Abanindranath Tagore.
Abanindranath Tagore painted the famous Bharat Mata painting, which shows the nation personified as a goddess-like mother figure with four arms. This is a standard fact from Chapter 2 (Nationalism in India) of the CBSE Class 10 History textbook. Do not confuse him with Rabindranath Tagore (poet) or Debindranath Tagore (his grandfather). Options (c) and (d) are distractors.