Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Technology has been a major enabler of globalisation in the following ways:

1. Improvements in Transportation: Faster and cheaper transportation of goods has become possible. Use of containers on ships, railways, planes, and trucks has reduced port handling costs and increased speed of exports reaching markets.

1. Fall in Air Transport Costs: Lower air freight costs have enabled much greater volumes of goods to be transported by airlines.

1. Telecommunications: Telephone, mobile phones, fax, and satellite communication allow people to contact anyone across the world instantly, even from remote areas.

1. Computers and Internet: Internet enables instant sharing of information, e-mail, and voice-mail across the world at negligible cost.

1. IT in Production of Services: For example, a London magazine is designed in Delhi — text sent via internet, instructions via telecommunication, payment via e-banking. IT has thus spread production of services across countries.

Source: Chapter 4 – Understanding Economic Development, Section: Factors that have enabled Globalisation – Technology

---

• The examiner expects 5 clear points for 5 marks — one per factor/example.
• Always name the technology (containers, internet, satellite) and link it to globalisation (lower costs, faster delivery, cross-border services).
• The London-Delhi magazine example is the textbook's own case study — always mention it for full marks.
• Avoid generic statements; be specific about how the technology helped.