Q1. [3] medium thorough-understanding
Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration with respect to: (i) site of the process, (ii) end products, and (iii) amount of energy released.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:44 · grounding rag
Model Answer
| Basis | Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| (i) Site | Cytoplasm (glycolysis) + Mitochondria (further breakdown) | Cytoplasm only |
| (ii) End products | Carbon dioxide and water | Ethanol + CO₂ (in yeast); Lactic acid (in muscle cells) |
| (iii) Energy released | More energy released | Less energy released |
Source: Chapter 5, Section 5.3 Respiration
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Explanation
- Examiners expect a tabular format for "differentiate" questions — it saves words and is cleaner.
- Key fact: glycolysis (glucose → pyruvate) happens in the cytoplasm in both types; only aerobic respiration continues in the mitochondria.
- Always give two anaerobic end-product scenarios: yeast (ethanol + CO₂) and muscles (lactic acid) — the textbook mentions both and either may be asked.
- "More energy" is sufficient for 1 mark; you don't need to quote kJ values unless specifically asked.