AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.
| Basis | Xylem | Phloem |
|-------|-------|--------|
| Substances transported | Water and minerals | Sugars (sucrose), amino acids, and other products of photosynthesis |
| Direction of transport | Unidirectional — upward (roots to leaves) | Bidirectional — upward and downward |
| Driving force | Physical forces — root pressure and transpiration pull (no energy required) | Energy from ATP is used; an active process |
| Conducting elements | Vessels and tracheids | Sieve tubes and companion cells |
Source: Life Processes, Section 5.4.2
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Examiners look for four clear points of difference for 3 marks — a table is the neatest format. The key contrasts are: what is transported, direction, energy requirement, and tissue/cells involved. Students often forget that phloem transport is bidirectional and requires ATP (active process), while xylem relies on passive physical forces. Mentioning companion cells alongside sieve tubes adds accuracy.